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Test Prep PCAT Exam Questions
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Provided By: Test Prep
- Exam: Pharmacy College Admission Test
- Certification: Test Prep Certifications
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Total Questions: 285
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Updated On: Apr 04, 2025
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Rated: 4.9 |
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Online Users: 570
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Question 1
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If ƒ(x) = 3x and g(x) = 2x2, what is g(ƒ(−2))?
Answer: D
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If ƒ(x) = 3x and g(x) = 2x2, what is g(ƒ(−2))?
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Question 2
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ln e7 = 1 − x, what is x?
Answer: C
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ln e7 = 1 − x, what is x?
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Question 3
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Which of the following organisms has a circulatory system in which blood circulates in an internal cavity called a hemocoel?
Answer: C
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Which of the following organisms has a circulatory system in which blood circulates in an internal cavity called a hemocoel?
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Question 4
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For most Americans, the words “Alzheimer’s disease” (AD) – often mispronounced purposefully or accidentallyas “old timers’ disease” – signify devastating memory loss and stigma. The information about AD – oftenlearned solely through the media – may lead individuals to believe that AD is inevitable (it isn’t), and possiblythink that all AD patients receive poor care (there are many remarkably good AD units). Many individuals mayenvision a future burdened with more dementia patients and fewer societal resources to help support them (areal possibility). In general, pharmacists are well aware of what AD is and isn’t. AD is complex and relentlesslyprogressive; it affects patients, loved ones, and caregivers adversely. Pharmacists can provide pertinentinformation about AD’s myths, realities, and available symptomatic treatments. AD’s harbinger is languagedifficulties, which include aphasia (language disturbance), apraxia (inability to carry out motor functions), andagnosia (failure to recognize or identify objects). Consequently, those with AD will often create new words foritems. They may call a pencil a “list writer,” or a key a “door turner.” Clinicians stage AD as mild, moderate, orsevere depending on the patient’s cognitive and memory impairment, communication problems, personalitychanges, behavior, and loss of control of bodily functions. People often dismiss mild AD as normal cognitivedecline or senility – in other words, “normal” aging. For this reason, most people don’t seek treatment and arediagnosed in the late-mild to early-moderate stage. In the severe stage, difficulty swallowing elevates the risk ofaspiration pneumonia, which often marks the beginning of the downward spiral that ultimately ends with death;AD has no cure. A handful of pharmacologic treatments – acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-Daspartate antagonists – alter the decline trajectory. These treatments slow disease progression, enhancecognitive function, delay cognitive decline, and decrease disruptive behaviors. Not all patients respond to thesemedications, but experts generally believe that those who do will show mild to moderate improvements for 6months to a year. Although the drugs’ effects are short-lived, they improve patients’ quality of life and brieflyenable independence. Determining when medications stop providing a therapeutic benefit and should bediscontinued is challenging. Clinicians use various methods to monitor decline, including mental status tools,patient self-report, and loved ones’ observations. Most clinicians continue drug treatment if the patient seems totolerate the medication well, can afford it, and if there seems to be a benefit. With disease progression, specificbehavioral symptoms including depression, agitation, hallucinations, and sleep disturbances become concerns.Antianxiety drugs, antipsychotics, and antidepressants are sometimes used to alleviate symptoms, but effectivebehavioral strategies are much preferred.The author’s attitude toward Alzheimer’s disease is best summarized by which of the following?
Answer: B
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Question 5
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Since 1997, the American Heart Association (AHA) has attempted to increase awareness about cardiovasculardisease (CVD) among women. Fortunately, great progress has been made to educate individuals about CVDand its consequences. According to the AHA’s 2011 Guidelines for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease inWomen, the misconception that CVD is a “man’s disease” has been somewhat disproved, as awarenessamong the general public increased from 30% in 1997 to 54% in 2009. Unfortunately, CVD continues to be theleading cause of death in the United States for both men and women. Since 1984, the number of deaths relatedto CVD in women exceeded those in men. In the United States, CVD death rates among women aged 35 to 54years appear to be increasing by 1% annually, which is most likely attributable to the escalating obesityepidemic. According to the AHA, even though CVD is the number 1 cause of death among women, only 13% ofwomen perceive CVD as a health threat. CVD is responsible for more deaths among women than the next 3leading causes of death combined, including all forms of cancer. Due to the ongoing prevalence of CVD,increasing awareness and understanding of CVD, especially among the female population, is still a top priorityfor many health care professionals. As one of the most accessible health care professionals, pharmacists are ina pivotal position to educate and inform their patients of the risks associated with CVD, possible drug therapies,and preventive measures. The AHA has set a goal for 2020 to improve cardiovascular health in all Americansby 20%, while reducing deaths from CVD and stroke by 20%. According to the American Heart Association, inthe United States a woman dies of some form of CVD every minute and more than 1 in 3 females have someform of CVD. Studies have demonstrated that gender differences may play an important role in the diagnosis,treatment, and prevention of CVD. Unfortunately, many women may not always recognize the warning signsand symptoms of a heart attack because they sometimes appear more subtle when compared with thosetypically experienced by men. Results from a study of 515 women who had heart attacks report that 43% didnot experience any type of chest pain or pressure during the heart attack. Although the classic symptomsinclude chest pain, tingling in the left arm, sweating, and shortness of breath, women may also experiencesome “atypical” symptoms, such as extreme fatigue, nausea, dizziness, indigestion, vomiting, and pain in theneck or back. By learning and recognizing the warning signs, women can take a proactive approach to theircardiovascular health and get treatment earlier to prevent further complications.Throughout the passage, it is implied that which of the following will lead to fewer deaths resulting from CVD?
Answer: B
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