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  • Exam: Medical College Admission Test: Verbal Reasoning, Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Writing Sample
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  • Updated On: Nov 12, 2024
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  • Question 1
    • 2

      Section: Physical Sciences 

      Answer: B
  • Question 2
    • The sexual reproduction in Rhizopus is

      Section: Biological Sciences 

      Answer: B
  • Question 3
    • A researcher in a molecular biology lab planned to carry out an extraction procedure known as an alkaline
      plasmid prep, which is designed to purify plasmids, small pieces of the hereditary material DNA, from bacterial
      cells. The bacteria are first placed into a test tube containing liquid nutrient medium and allowed to grow until
      they reach a high population density. The culture, which consists of solid cells suspended in the medium, is
      then centrifuged; a solid pellet is formed. The supernatant is poured out, leaving the pellet behind, and the cells
      are resuspended in a mL of lysis buffer solution (50 mM glucose, 25 mM Tris buffer and 10 mM
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), with 5 mg of the enzyme lysozyme added). They are then incubated
      for 30 minutes at 0° C, during which time the bacterial cell walls break down and the cell contents are released
      into the solution. After incubation, 1 mL of 0.4 N sodium hydroxide and 1 mL of 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS) are added, and the solution is again incubated on ice for 10 minutes. 2 mL of 3 M sodium acetate are
      added and the mixture is incubated for 30 minutes at 0° C. The test tube is centrifuged once more and the
      supernatant is decanted into a clean tube, leaving behind the protein and most other cell components in the
      pellet.
      Finally, 10 mL of pure ethanol are added to the supernatant from the previous step to precipitate out the DNA,
      and the test tube is incubated at −20° C for 60 minutes, during which the mixture remains liquid. The mixture is
      centrifuged a final time and the supernatant removed. The translucent precipitate that results is washed with
      70% ethanol (70% ethanol and 30% water by volume), allowed to dry, and resuspended in 1 mL of TE buffer
      (10 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA).
      In preparation for this experiment, the researcher prepared stock solutions of the various chemicals that she will
      need in the experiment. Stock solutions are highly concentrated solutions of commonly used chemicals in water
      from which dilute solutions are prepared for daily use. Table 1 shows the chemicals, their molecular formulas
      and weights, and the composition of commonly used stock solutions.
      MCAT-part-3-page300-image175
      Which of the following conclusions can be reached based on the fact that DNA precipitates in the last step of
      the plasmid prep procedure?

      Section: Physical Sciences 

      Answer: B
  • Question 4
    • For the last two decades many earth scientists have supported the notion that the Mediterranean was once a
      huge, dry desert, lying 3,000 meters below sea level. This “death valley” was thought to have existed at the end
      of Miocene time, about 6 to 5.5 million years ago…
      …From a geological point of view, the Mediterranean is a tectonically mobile land-enclosed depression – small
      (about 3,000,000 square kilometers) in comparison to the major world oceans…Immediately obvious on all
      charts is the highly variable topography and relief of both the seafloor and adjacent borderland. The coastline is
      highly irregular and continental shelves, though generally narrow, are well developed off the major river deltas
      (Nile, Rhone, Po, and Ebro). Moreover, the deep-sea basins and trenches have distinctive relief, with basin
      plains ranging in depth from less than 1,000 meters to more than 4,000…Observation that rocks dredged
      offshore are similar to those on land raised a fundamental concept – the key to understanding Mediterranean
      history lies in the adjacent emerged land masses, and vice-versa…
      …Early paleographic reconstructions showed that the once-open communication with the Atlantic deteriorated
      during the upper Miocene. Water-mass exchange continued for a while in the Rif Strait, but then ceased
      completely prior to the beginning of the Pliocene…
      …High relief near what is now the Strait of Gibraltar served as a barrier to the exchange of waters with the
      Atlantic. Exposed to a hot and dry climate, water evaporated and the then-dry basin elicited comparison with a
      gigantic Death Valley…Microfossil studies suggested that the depth of the Mediterranean basin at these times
      had been “deep.” Estimates suggested a dry seafloor as far as 2,000 meters below ocean level… As a
      response to suddenly lowered sea level, rivers feeding the Mediterranean and canyons on the now-dry seafloor
      began a geologically dramatic phase of erosion. Deep, Grand Canyon-like gorges of the Nile and Rhone rivers,
      presently buried on land, were apparently cut during a great drawdown of water – when the Mediterranean floor
      lay exposed 1,000 meters or more below its present level…The sudden flooding through a gigantic waterfall at
      Gibraltar drowned the exposed basin floor. These falls would have been 1,000 times bigger than Niagara
      Falls…This flooding event is recorded by the Miocene Pliocene boundary, a time when open marine faunal
      assemblages were suddenly reintroduced from the Atlantic…
      …Geological theories usually fall at a glacial pace into a sea of controversy, and this one is no exception. Today
      – charging that proof for the theory is lacking – many scientists believe that the Med always contained saltwater,
      with only the depth of the seafloor and the water being in question… Some of the tenets on which the theory
      was formulated are, if not defective, very seriously in question. To interpret their findings, a respectable number
      of geologists studying the surrounding emerged borderland as well as subsea sections indicate that alternative,
      more comprehensive concepts must be envisioned…
      …It is not realistic to envision the Mediterranean seafloor of about 5 million years ago as a desert at 3,000
      meters below present ocean level. Several years ago…the Mediterranean [was compared] to a complex
      picture-puzzle that comprises numerous intricate pieces, many of which are already in place. A general image
      is emerging, although gaps in some areas of the picture remain fuzzy and indistinct.
      All of the following are features of the “desert theory” EXCEPT:

      Answer: A
  • Question 5
    • Yeast can be used to covert simple sugars into:

      Section: Physical Sciences 

      Answer: C
PAGE: 1 - 163
   
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